Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Notes PDF 📘 Easy Notes for CBSE Board Exams Welcome students! In this post, you will get easy and complete notes of Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 – Electric Charges and Fields. These notes are useful for: Board exam preparation Quick revision Important formulas Numerical practice Table of Contents Electric Charge Coulomb’s Law Electric Field Electric Field Lines Electric Dipole Electric Flux Gauss’s Law Important Formulas Important Questions 1. Electric Charge Electric charge is a basic property of matter due to which objects experience electric force. Types of Charges Positive Charge (+) Negative Charge (−) Important Properties Like charges repel each other. Unlike charges attract each other. Charge is conserved. Charge is quantized. SI Unit Coulomb (C) 2. Quantization of Charge The charge on any body is given by: q = ne Where: n = integer e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C 3. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s law states that the electrostatic force between two point charges is dir...